Lastly, the cost of energy of a biogas-only system for the PaaS solution was $0.169/kWh. Hence, biogas was found to be a cheaper substitute for diesel fuel. For a diesel-solar-battery system, fuel costs, which accounted for 79% of the annual O&M cost of the system, resulted in a high COE of $0.270/kWh for the PaaS solution. This reduction in biomass waste at the landfill reduces methane emissions. The use of biogas fuel for electricity generation in this system diverted 185 kg and 107 kg of biomass from the landfill in the CaaS and PaaS solution respectively.
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The cost of energy for this system was found to be $0.242/kWh and $0.169/kWh for the CaaS and PaaS solutions, respectively. Shop for 4/6 Grids Food Grade Silicone Homemade Ice Popsicle Mold Frozen Diy Mould Tray. In a SHTF situation where you have to flee, you could crate up a few chickens and a rooster, and take them to your Bug Out Location. A lot of survivalists already have their own backyard chickens. The optimal system design for achieving this was a Biogas-Solar-Battery system. A much better option for off-grid food is to raise small animals. The results obtained indicate the technical feasibility, economic viability, and environmental benefit of generating electricity using a hybrid biogas mini-grid. The simulated load in the CaaS case was 277 kWh/day, while that in the PaaS case was 581 kWh/day. The analysis focused on two load types determined by two energy solutions, cooling as a service (CaaS) and power as a service (PaaS), proposed for the market.
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The research for this thesis was carried out using various research methods which include literature reviews, phone-call interviews, and quantitative modeling analysis using HOMER Pro and Microsoft Excel software. A fruit and vegetable market in Ketu, Lagos was used as a case study for the research. As a majority of these systems are diesel-solar-battery systems, this thesis explored the use of biogas generators as a substitute for diesel generators in hybrid mini-grids for food markets. Under the Energizing Economies Initiative of the Rural Electrification Agency of Nigeria, nine markets in the country currently receive constant access to electricity via hybrid mini-grid systems. This thesis explored the feasibility of electrifying a food market in an urban city in Nigeria with a hybrid biogas-powered mini-grid.
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